The D'Arcy Archive
HO107/374 · St Paul, Bristol · enumeration district 13, page 10

Drivers Fields, 1841

One page of the 1841 census, found 13 September 2026, containing the entire family this archive's oldest claim depends on — and one name nobody expected.

Everything this archive says about Gloucestershire hangs on one line in a Queensland death register: when Miriam Wakefield died in Brisbane in 1909, the registrar wrote her parents down as James Wakefield and Hannah Saniger. Nobody had ever found that couple in England.

On 13 September 2026 somebody looked in the census. They are all there, in one house, with a one-year-old called Miriam.

Dwelling 1615 · Drivers Fields · Civil Parish of St Paul

The household, exactly as it is written

SurnameForenamesSexAge OccupationBorn in county?
SINEGARLyddya F70 IndependentOut of County
WAKEFIELDJames M35 Mason JourneymanGloucestershire
WAKEFIELDHannah F35 Out of County
WAKEFIELDHiram M4 Gloucestershire
WEBBMatilda F2 Gloucestershire
WAKEFIELDAaron M1 Gloucestershire
WAKEFIELDMiriam F1 Gloucestershire

Transcribed by FreeCEN from HO107/374, enumeration district 13, page 10. documented

Six things it confirms

A record nobody in this family had read, agreeing with them

The census saysThe family tree says
The parish
St Paul, Bristol
the tree says Miriam was baptised at St Paul, Bristol agrees
The street
Drivers Fields
the tree records her brother Jabez born at “Drivers Field, Gloucester” in February 1843 agrees
The father
James Wakefield, mason journeyman, born in Gloucestershire
the tree has James Wakefield, born Gloucestershire 1799 agrees
The mother
Hannah Wakefield, aged 35, born outside the county
the tree has Hannah Saniger, born 1805 agrees
The children
Hiram 4, Aaron 1, Miriam 1
all three are in the tree, with Hiram born May 1837 and Aaron 1840 agrees
And one more person
Lyddya Sinegar, 70, living on her own means
the tree says Hannah's mother was Lydia — and that her father John Saniger died in 1824 and here it gets interesting
The street is the detail that settles it. The tree records Jabez Wakefield born on 14 February 1843 at "Drivers Field" — a scrap of an address, carried down through a family and across an ocean, with the county wrong. The census puts the household at Drivers Fields, St Paul, Bristol, twenty-two months earlier. Two independent sources, one street, and neither one copied from the other.
The name nobody expected

Lyddya Sinegar, aged seventy, living on her own means

SINEGAR is one of the eleven spellings of Saniger — it is on this archive's own list, taken from the Gloucestershire registers. The list → And the family tree, quite independently, says Hannah Saniger's mother was Lydia, and that her father John Saniger died in 1824.

A widow of seventy, carrying the mother's maiden surname, living in her married daughter's house and described as Independent — living on her own means rather than working — is exactly what the tree predicts without ever having seen this page.

And here is what this archive will not do with that. The 1841 census does not record relationships. It lists the people found in a dwelling on one night and nothing more. It does not say Lyddya Sinegar is Hannah's mother; it says the two of them were under one roof. The identification is an inference — a good one, from a surname, an age, a widowhood and a household — and it is labelled as one. inferred, not stated by the record How claims are labelled →

The 1851 census would settle it outright: from 1851 the enumerators recorded relationship to head of household and an exact birthplace. FreeCEN holds 221 Gloucestershire Wakefields for 1851 and 31 of them in Bristol, but not this family — nationally only 36% of the 1851 pieces are transcribed, and the piece covering Drivers Fields is not among them. a coverage gap, not an absence

Answered 13 September 2026, from the other side of the world

Five clerks, forty-one years, one name

This archive spent a week trying to prove “Saniger” from the English end — parish registers, civil registration, a census. The answer was in Queensland the whole time, and the reason nobody had found it is that nobody had searched the index by the mother's name.

The whole family emigrated. James Wakefield died in Brisbane in 1857. Queensland death registrations name the parents of the deceased — and five of Hannah's children died there.

ChildDiedMother, as the clerk wrote herRegistration
Ephraim Wakefield26/05/1868Anna Sanniger1868/B/4544
Aaron Wakefield21/09/1896Hannah Sanegar1896/C/3402
Zillah Frederich27/06/1900Hannah Saniger1900/C/3322
Hiram Wakefield25/06/1905Hannah Sanigar1905/B/5782
Miriam Sneyd12/08/1909Hannah Saniger1909/C/1054
Four spellings is not weakness — it is the signature of a real name. Five different informants, standing in front of five different clerks between 1868 and 1909, each said a surname aloud and each clerk wrote down what he heard. Sanniger, Sanegar, Saniger, Sanigar. That is precisely the pattern the Gloucestershire registers show across eleven spellings of the same family. A name invented or copied would be spelled the same every time. documented, five times independently

And Hannah's own registration goes one further. She died on 4 July 1873 — the date the tree gives, to the day — and registration 1873/C/603 names her father as “John Jenniger”. The tree says John Saniger. A capital S read as a J is among the commonest misreadings in nineteenth-century clerking, and the forename and the remainder of the surname agree exactly. the obvious reading, and labelled as a reading

One more generation fell out of it. James Wakefield's own death registration — 1857/B/135, Brisbane, 8 July 1857 — names his father: Richard Wakefield. The tree had nothing above James at all. documented

And the marriage this whole archive turns on. Miriam Wakefield married William Hartley Sneyd at Brisbane on 15 November 1859, registration 1859/B/255. She was nineteen — this site had said twenty-one. Corrected → Her brothers Hiram and Aaron married Margaret and Elizabeth Ann Birch four months apart in 1861.

What it does not fix

Hannah was not born in Gloucestershire

Both women are entered “Out of County”. In a Bristol enumeration returned under Gloucestershire, that means neither Hannah nor Lyddya was born in the county — and it explains, at last, why a week of searching the Gloucestershire parish registers found no Hannah Saniger anywhere. She is not there because she was not born there.

The family tree says Hannah was born on 23 July 1805 at "Berkley, Gloucester". That looked like a misspelling of Berkeley in Gloucestershire — but Berkley is also a real parish in Somerset, near Frome, and a Somerset birth would fit “Out of County” exactly. So it was tested.

It is not the answer. Berkley St Mary in Somerset is transcribed in full — 7,967 records, 1545 to 1903 — and the family there is spelled SINGER in every entry, with no Hannah baptised anywhere near 1805. Fifty-eight records, and not one of them hers. searched and empty

Which leaves Berkeley in Gloucestershire, where the transcript stops in 1677 — a hundred and twenty-eight years before she was born. Her baptism is not missing. It is untranscribed, and those are different things.

Where this leaves it

  1. The couple exists, and they are where the tree said. James and Hannah Wakefield, St Paul, Bristol, with Miriam aged one. documented
  2. Miriam's birth is registered — June quarter 1840, Bristol, volume 11 page 183, the only one in England in five years. documented
  3. A Saniger woman of the right generation is in the house, and the tree names Hannah's mother Lydia without reference to this record. inferred
  4. Hannah was born outside Gloucestershire, which is why she could never be found in it. Where she was born is now the open question, and it is a sharper one than the archive had yesterday.
  5. The £2.50 certificate still matters, and matters more. Miriam's GRO birth entry names her mother with her maiden surname. It would confirm “Saniger” from an English record for the first time. The queue →

The Gloucestershire registers, and what they did not hold → · Miriam Wakefield → · Every source read →