The Defranceschi Archive
164 issues · 1914 to 1919 · four people

Il Giornaletto di Pola, read end to end

A street name led here. One hundred and sixty-four issues of Pola's daily carry the family name; this is what happened when every one of them was read in full.

In September 2026 this archive found via Carlo Defranceschi in the classified columns of Il Giornaletto di Pola — Pola had named a street after him, and by 1914 it was simply where the beer depot was. That was a landmark, and it was found by accident while reading the paper for something else.

The obvious next question was never asked: does the paper carry the family as well as the address? A street name recurring in rental advertisements is a fact about the city. A name in a conscription list, a subscription column or a police item is a fact about a person.

So the whole run was read. ANNO publishes a full-text endpoint for every digitised issue, which means an issue can be fetched as plain text rather than turned page by page in a viewer; one hundred and sixty-four issues carry some spelling of the name, and all one hundred and sixty-four were read from end to end.

Jan 1914 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 1915 Feb Mar 20 May 1919
4 issues name a person 2 name the family without a forename 158 carry only the street

The ratio is the finding before any of the names are. One hundred and fifty-eight of these issues are somebody wanting to let two rooms and a kitchen at via Carlo Defranceschi 48, or telling you where the Goess beer depot is. Filtering that out is most of the work, and it has to be done by hand: the OCR turns via into vla, wvia, ia and tia, breaks the street name across two columns, and stitches the classifieds into the middle of a war telegram from Antwerp.

Six issues survive the street. Four of them name a person.

19 June 1914 Documented

Alessandro Defranceschi — taken for the army, six weeks before the war

«La leva militare»

«La leva militare. [I]eri si presentarono coscritti pertinenti a Pola in numero di 31[8], dei quali furono arruolati 52, cioè: … Comparich Giovanni, Nikilsch Giovanni, Defranceschi A-lessandro, Lorenzini Giuseppe, Porta Rodolfo, Marcetich Biagio, Radossovich Matteo …»

The levy. Yesterday the conscripts belonging to Pola presented themselves, three hundred and eighteen of them, of whom fifty-two were enrolled, namely — and then the fifty-two names, in the order the board read them out.

The forename is split by a column break: the line ends «Defranceschi A-» and the next begins «lessandro». The same page wraps «Comparich Gio-/vanni» and «Porta Ro-/dolfo» the identical way, so the reading is secure.

A man called to the Austro-Hungarian levy in 1914 was of the class that turned twenty-one that year, which puts his birth at about 1893. Six weeks later Austria-Hungary was at war. This archive has no Alessandro Defranceschi of Istria at all — he is new, and he is the only one of the four who can be dated from the notice itself.

The issue at ANNO →
3 September 1914 Documented

Luigi Defranceschi — two crowns to the Red Cross

«Pro Croce Rossa»

«Pro Croce Rossa. Ci pervennero: Dal sig. Giuseppe Tuis cor. 60, festeggiando la vittoria degli austriaci presso Lublino; dai disegnatori Edoardo e Gigi cor. 2; raccolte fra operai nell'officina «battirame» e bandai cor. 36.50. — Raccolte dall'i. r. ispettore delle guardie Pietro Paulovich: Andree Antonio corone 5, Defranceschi Luigi 2, Kruk Michelina 2, Cerkovich Elena 2, Runco Giovanni —.20, Zufich Caterina 1, Klemen Antonia —.40, Jetonich Angela 1, C. R. —.50, Matic Maria 1, Udovic Giuseppina 1, Udovic Gasper 1, Krajcer Anna 1 …»

For the Red Cross. We have received: from Signor Giuseppe Tuis 60 crowns, celebrating the Austrian victory at Lublin; from the draughtsmen Edoardo and Gigi, 2 crowns; collected among the workmen of the coppersmiths' and tinsmiths' shop, 36 crowns 50. — Collected by the imperial-royal inspector of the guard, Pietro Paulovich: and then a street's worth of small sums.

Two separate collections are printed one after the other, and Luigi is in the second. He was not necessarily one of the arsenal's coppersmiths; he is in the list a police inspector took up, among Kruk, Cerkovich, Runco, Zufich, Klemen, Jetonich, Matic, Udovic and Krajcer — Slav and Italian names mixed together at one and two crowns each, which is what a Pola tenement looked like in the fifth week of the war.

The reading of the line above as the reading of the line itself is the mistake this archive has now made three times, most recently over Francziska's sixty-five forints. It was not made here.

The issue at ANNO →
21 November 1914 Documented

Angelina Defranceschi — a wedding announced by the couple themselves

A boxed announcement, no headline

«Angelina Defranceschi [&] Riccardo B———e partecipano il loro matrimonio. Pola, 21 novembre 1914.»

Angelina Defranceschi and Riccardo B——— announce their marriage. Pola, 21 November 1914.

This is not a register entry and not a report — it is the notice the couple paid to place, in the ornamental type the paper kept for them. The ornament is why the groom's surname will not come off the OCR: the swash capitals read as «cRiecardo JBeace», and the announcement ran once only, so there is no second setting to check it against.

The surname is a four-letter word beginning B and ending e, and the page image would settle it in a minute. It is filed as an open question with the issue link.

The archive holds no Angelina De Franceschi anywhere — not in Istria, not in Carnia, not in the diaspora.

The issue at ANNO →
25 November 1914 Documented

Angelo Defranceschi, sixty-three, of Fasana — and the record that may be him

«Rincasa brillo e si ferisce»

«Rincasa brillo e si ferisce. Iernotte, dopo le dodici, Angelo Defranceschi d'anni 63, da Fasana, rientrò nella sua abitazione al n. 6 di via del Prato e per motivi futilissimi s'adirò tanto che si diede a dar pugni sulla porta a vetri. Fu così che si produsse un largo squarcio alla mano sinistra e siccome correva pericolo di svenarsi i famigliari fecero avvisare i vigili che accorsero coll'automobile ambulanza e trasportarono il Defranceschi all'ospedale provinciale.»

Comes home tipsy and injures himself. Last night, after twelve, Angelo Defranceschi, sixty-three years old, from Fasana, came back to his lodging at no. 6 via del Prato and over something utterly trivial lost his temper so far that he set about punching the glass door. He tore his left hand wide open, and as he was in danger of bleeding to death his family had the constables called, who came with the motor ambulance and carried Defranceschi to the provincial hospital.

It is a four-line item about a drunk man and a door, and it is the most useful thing in the run: a name, an age, a village of origin and a street number, all in one sentence.

Sixty-three in November 1914 puts his birth at about 1851. This archive already holds an Angelo Defranceschi born 1851, son of Natale Defranceschi and Domenica Chersin, filed at Pola — and, separately, an Angelo Defranceschi of Fasana born 1815, a generation earlier. The newspaper supplies exactly the fact that was missing from the 1851 record: where he came from. Fažana is eight kilometres up the coast from Pola.

Same name, same birth year, same town, and the village the other Fasana entry names. That is a strong identification and it is not a proof; it is entered as an inference and the burial book of Pola would close it.

The issue at ANNO →
2 September 1914

A subscription column, stitched by the OCR into the middle of a war telegram from Antwerp: «… M. Missan 1, Opara 1, M. Opara 1, Defranceschi 1 …» — one crown, no forename. The same kind of list as the Red Cross column of the following day, and quite possibly the same man.

The issue at ANNO →
13 January 1915

A fraudulent-bankruptcy trial at Pola — a bazaar whose proprietress was Radessich, its director Schwarz, his partner Levi. In evidence: «il debito Defranceschi fu pagato con cor. 1500 date da lei, e 500 dal di lei marito» — the Defranceschi debt was settled with 1,500 crowns from her and 500 from her husband. A Defranceschi was a creditor of two thousand crowns in Pola in 1914, which is a person of some standing in trade. The court report never gives the forename.

The issue at ANNO →
Bale-ValleVodnjanGaližanaPulaŠišanPomerLižnjanMedulinPremanturaFažana10 kmN ↑
Where44.9297° N, 13.8039° E
NearestGaližana — 3.3 km ESE·Vodnjan — 5.0 km NE·Pula — 7.9 km SSE
NoteAngelo Defranceschi gave his village to a reporter in 1914 — «da Fasana» — and that is the fact the register row for his birth year does not have. Fažana is eight kilometres up the coast from Pola, within walking distance of the shipyard that drew half of Istria into the city.

The name stops in March 1915 and reappears once in May 1919, and that is not history — it is digitisation. One hundred and twenty-seven of the issues are 1914, thirty-six are January to March 1915, one is 20 May 1919.

It is a tempting shape. Pola's civilian population was cleared out during the war, and a street vanishing from the rental columns in the spring of 1915 would fit that exactly. It is an artefact. Probing ANNO for issues the search did not return: every 1914 date tested comes back with a full text, and no date tested in 1916, 1917 or 1918 does. ANNO's run of the Giornaletto is complete for 1914, patchy for early 1915, and then essentially absent — so the silence is the library's, not the city's.

Tested before it was written, because this archive published a count of 837 issues earlier the same week that turned out to be five. The rule now is that a surprising shape gets a control before it gets a sentence.